Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the four main components of the Four-Part Processing Model?

• A. Phonological Processing
• B. Orthographic Processing
• C. Semantic Processing
• D. Syntactic Processing

Answer: (D)

This model organizes reading processing into four streams that support word recognition and meaning. It emphasizes how we handle sounds, letter patterns, and word meaning, plus how we build understanding from word structure. Phonological Processing covers how we hear and manipulate sounds in language; Orthographic Processing deals with recognizing letters, patterns, and spellings; Semantic Processing focuses on word and concept meanings; and a fourth component covers how word parts form meaning through morphemes and affixes. Syntactic Processing, which concerns grammar and sentence structure, isn’t named as a separate component in this framework. That’s why it’s the option that doesn’t fit the four main components—the model centers on sound, letter, meaning, and word-formation processes rather than grammar as its own distinct processing stream.