Which approach is described as structured, systematic, and multisensory and tailored to individual student needs?

• A. Orton-Gillingham approach
• B. Whole language approach
• C. Phonics-first approach
• D. Balanced literacy approach

Answer: (A)

The approach described is known for its highly explicit, step-by-step structure, using deliberate and sequential instruction that builds from simple to more complex skills. It teaches phoneme awareness and letter-sound relationships in a direct way, with explicit modeling, guided practice, and frequent checking for mastery. Multisensory learning is a cornerstone—students engage visual, auditory, and kinesthetic-tactile cues (for example, seeing letters, hearing sounds, saying them aloud, and tracing or air-writing to reinforce connections). Instruction is diagnostic-prescriptive, meaning teachers assess each learner’s strengths and gaps and tailor pace, materials, and supports to individual needs. This combination—clear sequence, careful assessment, and tailored, multisensory instruction—helps students who struggle with decoding and spelling, including many with dyslexia, while benefiting a wide range of learners. In contrast, other approaches may emphasize meaning or are less explicit or systematic, or rely less on individualized, multisensory instruction.