What is the main focus of research-based instruction in early literacy?

• A. Using evidence to guide teaching methods
• B. Intuition-based teaching
• C. Focusing only on phonics
• D. Emphasizing test-taking strategies

Answer: (A)

Using evidence from research to guide teaching methods is the central idea. This means choosing instructional approaches that studies have shown to be effective for early reading, and continually using student data to inform what to teach next, how to teach it, and when to adjust or reteach. It incorporates explicit, systematic instruction in essential skills like phonemic awareness and phonics, along with vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension strategies, all delivered in a way that can be measured and refined based on progress. This contrasts with relying on intuition alone, focusing on only one component like phonics, or emphasizing test-taking tactics.